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119th Congress · H.R. 495 · Passed Origin

Subterranean Border Defense Act

This bill requires recurring annual reporting by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) on the implementation of a strategic plan to counter illicit cross-border tunnel operations. Currently, CBP is only required to report once no later than one year after the plan's development.

Full bill text →

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SubjectsBorder security and unlawful immigrationGovernment information and archives

XML scalars

congress
119
type
HR
number
495
originChamber
House
originChamberCode
H
introducedDate
2025-01-16
updateDate
2026-10-05T21:31:25Z
updateDateIncludingText
2026-10-05T21:31:25Z
title
Subterranean Border Defense Act
legislationUrl
https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/495

Constitutional authority statement (CDATA)

[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 9 (Thursday, January 16, 2025)][House]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]By Mr. CRANE:H.R. 495.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Article I, Section 8, Clause 18:The Congress shall have Power . . . To make all Laws whichshall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution theforegoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by thisConstitution in the Government of the United States, or inany Department or Officer thereof.[Page H222]

Pipeline

Track
federal_presidential
Stage
Passed Chamber of Origin
Stage rank
2

Sponsor

  • Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2] · [R-AZ-2] · C001132
    Rep-AZ-2 current · 2 terms · @RepEliCrane · 1 district office

Sponsor record (congress_legislators)

Bio (legislators)

bioguide
C001132
status
current
official_full
Elijah Crane
first
Eli
middle
null
last
Crane
suffix
null
nickname
null
birthday
1980-01-03
gender
M

Current term (2 total)

type
rep
state
AZ
district
2
class
null
party
Republican
caucus
null
start
2025-01-03
end
2027-01-03
end_type
null
how
null
url
https://crane.house.gov
address
307 Cannon House Office Building Washington DC 20515-0302
office
307 Cannon House Office Building
phone
202-225-3361
fax
null
contact_form
null
rss_url
null

Leadership roles (0)

none

Committee memberships (6)

  • Border Security and Enforcement (house) · house · rank 2
  • Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation (house) · house · rank 4
  • House Committee on Homeland Security (house) · house · rank 9 · site
  • House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (house) · house · rank 22 · site
  • Military and Foreign Affairs (house) · house · rank 7
  • Transportation and Maritime Security (house) · house · rank 2

Social media

District offices (1)

  • 122 N. Cortez St., Suite 211, Prescott, AZ, 86301 · 928-286-5338 · By appointment only · 34.5427144,-112.4691189

Other names (0)

none

Sponsor FEC record (fec_live)

Candidate record (candidates) · cycle 2026

candidate_id
H2AZ01354
cycle
2026
name
CRANE, ELI
party
REPUBLICAN PARTY
office
House
state
AZ
district
02
incumbent_challenge
Incumbent
candidate_status
C
active_through
2026
election_year
null
first_file_date
2021-07-20
last_file_date
2024-12-12
last_f2_date
2024-12-12
address
null

Candidate summary (candidate_summaries) · cycle 2026

cycle
2026
total_receipts
$9,481,427.94
total_disbursements
$6,957,053.15
cash_on_hand_end_period
$2,841,744.86
debts_owed_by_committee
$0.00
coverage_start_date
2025-01-01
coverage_end_date
2026-07-01

Connected committees (0)

none

Cosponsors (8)

  • Rep. Correa, J. Luis [D-CA-46] · [D-CA-46] · C001110 · Co-sponsored 2025-01-16 · original
    Dem-CA-46 current · 5 terms · @RepLouCorrea · 1 district office
  • Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5] · [R-AZ-5] · B001302 · Co-sponsored 2025-01-16 · original
    Rep-AZ-5 current · 5 terms · @RepAndyBiggsAZ · 1 district office
  • Rep. Gosar, Paul A. [R-AZ-9] · [R-AZ-9] · G000565 · Co-sponsored 2025-01-16 · original
    Rep-AZ-9 current · 8 terms · @RepGosar · 1 district office
  • Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3] · [R-LA-3] · H001077 · Co-sponsored 2025-01-16 · original
    Rep-LA-3 current · 5 terms · @RepClayHiggins · 2 district offices
  • Rep. Luttrell, Morgan [R-TX-8] · [R-TX-8] · L000603 · Co-sponsored 2025-01-16 · original
    Rep-TX-8 current · 2 terms · @RepLuttrell · 1 district office
  • Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5] · [R-TN-5] · O000175 · Co-sponsored 2025-01-16 · original
    Rep-TN-5 current · 2 terms · @repogles · 1 district office
  • Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3] · [R-MS-3] · G000591 · Co-sponsored 2025-01-21
    Rep-MS-3 current · 4 terms · @RepMichaelGuest · 4 district offices
  • Rep. Gillen, Laura [D-NY-4] · [D-NY-4] · G000602 · Co-sponsored 2025-03-10
    Dem-NY-4 current · 1 term · @RepLauraGillen · 1 district office

Committees (2)

  • Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee [Senate Standing]
    2025-03-11T18:50:08ZReferred To
  • Homeland Security Committee [House Standing]
    2025-01-16T14:03:15ZReferred To
    ↳ Border Security and Enforcement Subcommittee

Actions — from XML (13)

  • 2025-03-11IntroReferralvia Senate
    Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
  • 2025-03-10 18:53:26FloorH38310via House floor actions
    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  • 2025-03-10 18:53:25FloorH37300via House floor actions
    On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 402 - 1 (Roll no. 63). (text: CR H1046)
    VoteHouse roll 63 — source
  • 2025-03-10 18:53:25Floor8000via Library of Congress
    Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 402 - 1 (Roll no. 63). (text: CR H1046)
    VoteHouse roll 63 — source
  • 2025-03-10 18:31:41FloorH30000via House floor actions
    Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1057-1058)
  • 2025-03-10 16:08:15FloorH37220via House floor actions
    At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
  • 2025-03-10 16:01:08FloorH8D000via House floor actions
    DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 495.
  • 2025-03-10 16:01:06FloorH30000via House floor actions
    Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H1045-1046)
  • 2025-03-10 16:01:04FloorH30300via House floor actions
    Mr. Green (TN) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill.
  • 2025-01-16Committeevia House committee actions
    Referred to the Subcommittee on Border Security and Enforcement.
  • 2025-01-16IntroReferralH11100via House floor actions
    Referred to the House Committee on Homeland Security.
  • 2025-01-16IntroReferralIntro-Hvia Library of Congress
    Introduced in House
  • 2025-01-16IntroReferral1000via Library of Congress
    Introduced in House

Actions — from bill_actions table (0)

none

Titles

  • Official Title from EH (Engrossed in House) bill textEHH2026-07-11T16:08:24Z
    To require annual reports on counter illicit cross-border tunnel operations, and for other purposes.
  • Short Titles from RFS (Referred to Senate) bill textRFSS2025-03-14T03:38:16Z
    Subterranean Border Defense Act
  • Short Title(s) as Passed HouseEHH2025-03-12T02:38:25Z
    Subterranean Border Defense Act
  • Display Title2025-02-14T13:38:19Z
    Subterranean Border Defense Act
  • Short Title(s) as IntroducedIH2025-02-14T13:38:18Z
    Subterranean Border Defense Act
  • Official Title as IntroducedIH2025-02-14T13:33:27Z
    To require annual reports on counter illicit cross-border tunnel operations, and for other purposes.

Text versions (from XML)

Versions — from bill_versions table (0)

none

Policy area

Immigration

Summaries

00 · 2025-01-16 · Introduced in House

Subterranean Border Defense Act

This bill requires recurring annual reporting by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) on the implementation of a strategic plan to counter illicit cross-border tunnel operations. Currently, CBP is only required to report once no later than one year after the plan's development. 

Related bills

  • S 5427 (119) Subterranean Border Defense Act
    Latest: 2026-09-17 — Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
    Relationship: Related bill (via CRS)

Amendments (0)

none

Laws

none

Committee reports

none

Calendar number

null

CBO cost estimates

none

Latest action

Date
2025-03-11
Text
Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
Time
null

Dublin Core

format
text/xml
language
EN
rights
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
contributor
Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress
description
This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.

Row fields (debug)

id
403
congress
119
bill_type
hr
bill_number
495
bill_slug
hr-495-119
title
Subterranean Border Defense Act
short_title
Subterranean Border Defense Act
sponsor_bioguide_id
C001132
sponsor_name
Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2]
sponsor_party
R
sponsor_state
AZ
introduced_date
2025-01-16
latest_action_date
2025-03-11
latest_action_text
Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
status
Committee
policy_area
Immigration
subjects_json
[
  "Border security and unlawful immigration",
  "Government information and archives"
]
govinfo_billstatus_path
BILLSTATUS-119hr495
raw_billstatus_xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?> <billStatus> <version>3.0.0</version> <bill> <number>495</number> <updateDate>2026-10-05T21:31:25Z</updateDate> <updateDateIncludingText>2026-10-05T21:31:25Z</updateDateIncludingText> <originChamber>House</originChamber> <originChamberCode>H</originChamberCode> <type>HR</type> <introducedDate>2025-01-16</intr…
summary_lede
This bill requires recurring annual reporting by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) on the implementation of a strategic plan to counter illicit cross-border tunnel operations. Currently, CBP is only required to report once no later than one year after the plan's development.
topic_primary
homeland_security
topic_secondary_json
[]
action_family
committee_active
response_available
0
response_type
null
response_deadline
null
importance_score
null
consequence_score
null
urgency_score
null
overall_score
null
in_canopy
0
canopy_expires_at
null
pipeline_track
federal_presidential
pipeline_stage
passed_origin
pipeline_stage_rank
2
stable_action_id
hr-495-119
jurisdiction
federal
lock_status
open
lock_at
null
content_hash
e2a7af3888d971ce11f5bf12617e93c4229740a65197f04d2c51d1d71b363c2c
anchored_at
null
anchor_merkle_root
null
source_kind
api_fill
first_seen_at
2026-04-20T08:15:57.988066+00:00
last_seen_at
2026-10-13T11:30:23.777856+00:00
⎔ Anchored0x0000…0000Epoch 2026-Q4